Exploring the impact of seasonal variations on the chemical composition, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. essential oil.

Background: Pogostemon heyneanus leaves infusions are relevant in ethnopharmacology for treating colds, coughs, headaches, and asthma. Purpose: The essential oil chemical composition of a Pogostemon heyneanus specimen was monthly monitored from October 2021 to July 2022 to evaluate the climatic influences on its yield and chemical composition and antinociceptive, andanti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The leaves, collected monthly over a 10-month period, were submitted to hydrodistillation. The oils obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector. The P. heyneanus essential oil (PhEO) was tested in vivo to evaluate its peripheral analgesic actions through the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid, and peripheral analgesia by tail immersion. Neurogenic and inflammatory pain were evaluated by formalin test, and acute oral toxicity of the oil was also verified. Results: PhEO presented 27 chemical constituents with the highest predominance of patchoulol (43.6%-76.9%), α-bulnesene (0.2%-12.7%), α-guaiene (0.4%-8.9%), seychellene (3.8%-5.1%) and pogostol (0.0%-8.2%). The climatic parameters insolation, humidity, rainfall, and temperature did not influence the essential oil yield or the main chemical constituents, except for pogostol, which presented a strong (r = 0.73) and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with temperature. PhEO did not display toxicity at the maximum 300 mg/kg dosage. The oil showed low peripheral and central analgesic action at 100 mg/kg, while in the neurogenic and inflammatory pain inhibition tests, no actions related to PhEO were observed. In the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test, PhEO did not reduce the migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity compared to the control group. Conclusion: Pogostemon heyneanus is a resistant plant to seasonal influences and a source of patchoulol. Despite ethnopharmacological indications, no in-vivo biological activities such as neurogenic or inflammatory pain were identified in the present work. So, the low influence of the climatic parameters on chemical composition can infer that the low pharmacological activity is also not subject to climatic variations, that is, it does not change due to the climate.

Low-fidelity simulation models in urology resident's microsurgery training.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the gain of microsurgical skills and competencies by urology residents, using low-fidelity experimental models. METHODS: The study involved the use of training boards, together with a low-fidelity microsurgery simulator, developed using a 3D printer. The model consists in two silicone tubes, coated with a resin, measuring 10 cm in length and with internal and external diameters of 0.5 and 1.5 mm. The support for the ducts is composed by a small box, developed with polylactic acid. The evaluation of the gain of skills and competencies in microsurgery occurred throughout a training course consisting of five training sessions. The first sessions (S1-S4) took place at weekly intervals and the last session (S5) was performed three months after S4. During sessions, were analyzed: the speed of performing microsurgical sutures in the pre and post-training and the performance of each resident through the Objective Structure Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) and Student Satisfaction Self-Confidence tools in Learning (SSSCL). RESULTS: There was a decrease in the time needed to perform the anastomosis (p=0.0019), as well as a progressive increase in the score in the OSATS over during sessions S1 to S4. At S5, there was a slightly decrease in performance (p<0.0001), however, remaining within the expected plateau for the gain of skills and competences. The SSSCL satisfaction scale showed an overall approval rating of 96.9%, with a Cronback alpha coefficient of 83%. CONCLUSIONS: The low-fidelity simulation was able to guarantee urology residents a solid gain in skills and competencies in microsurgery.

Seasonality, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Limonene/δ-3-Carene/(E)-Caryophyllene Schinus terebinthifolia Essential Oil Chemotype from the Brazilian Amazon: A Chemometric Approach.

Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat respiratory diseases, as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of climatic parameters on the yield, antioxidative capacity, and chemical composition of the S. terebinthifolia leaf essential oil. The specimen was collected monthly from October 2021 to September 2022. Leaf essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Statistical analyses were performed to verify the climatic influences on the yields, chemical composition, and antioxidative capacity. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging and inhibition of ß-carotene/linoleic acid oxidation assays were performed to assess the antioxidant activity. The leaf essential oil yields ranged from 0.1% (July) to 0.7% (May and September), averaging 0.5 ± 0.2%. There was no significant difference in essential oil production during the dry (0.4 ± 0.2%) and rainy (0.6 ± 0.1%) seasons. The main chemical constituents identified in essential oils were limonene (11.42-56.24%), δ-3-carene (8.70-33.16%) and (E)-caryophyllene (4.10-24.98%). The limonene annual average was 43.57 ± 12.74% and showed no statistical difference during the dry (40.53 ± 13.38%) and rainy (52.68 ± 3.27%) seasons. Likewise, the annual average of δ-3-carene was 22.55 ± 7.11%, displaying no statistical difference between dry (26.35 ± 7.90%) and rainy (31.14 ± 1.63%) seasons. The annual average of (E)-caryophyllene was 11.07 ± 7.15% and this constituent did not show a statistical difference in Tukey's test (p > 0.05) during the dry (12.72 ± 7.56%) and rainy (6.10 ± 1.78%) season. Limonene showed a moderate positive and significant correlation (p < 0.05) with precipitation (r = 0.56) and a weak correlation with temperature (r = -0.40), humidity (r = 0.40), and insolation (r = -0.44). All samples inhibited the oxidation in the ß-carotene/linoleic acid system (22.78-44.15%) but displayed no activity in the DPPH method.

Low-fidelity simulation models in urology resident's microsurgery training

Purpose: To evaluate the gain of microsurgical skills and competencies by urology residents, using low-fidelity experimental models. Methods: The study involved the use of training boards, together with a low-fidelity microsurgery simulator, developed using a 3D printer. The model consists in two silicone tubes, coated with a resin, measuring 10 cm in length and with internal and external diameters of 0.5 and 1.5 mm. The support for the ducts is composed by a small box, developed with polylactic acid. The evaluation of the gain of skills and competencies in microsurgery occurred throughout a training course consisting of five training sessions. The first sessions (S1-S4) took place at weekly intervals and the last session (S5) was performed three months after S4. During sessions, were analyzed: the speed of performing microsurgical sutures in the pre and post-training and the performance of each resident through the Objective Structure Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) and Student Satisfaction Self-Confidence tools in Learning (SSSCL). Results: There was a decrease in the time needed to perform the anastomosis (p=0.0019), as well as a progressive increase in the score in the OSATS over during sessions S1 to S4. At S5, there was a slightly decrease in performance (p<0.0001), however, remaining within the expected plateau for the gain of skills and competences. The SSSCL satisfaction scale showed an overall approval rating of 96.9%, with a Cronback alpha coefficient of 83%. Conclusions: The low-fidelity simulation was able to guarantee urology residents a solid gain in skills and competencies in microsurgery.

Validação de simulador de emissões otoacústicas para o ensino em audiologia / Otoacoustic emissions simulator validation for audiology education / Validación del simulador de emisiones otoacuticas para la educación en audiología

O teste Emissões Otoacústicas (EOA) é parte da avaliação Audiológica para detecção precoce da surdez na infância. Desse modo, o aprendizado das EOA na graduação do curso de Fonoaudiologia é fundamental conforme a Diretriz Curricular Nacional (DCN). As diretrizes educacionais sugerem a inclusão de tecnologias de informação no ensino da graduação para melhor desempenho dos futuros profissionais da saúde. Objetivo: Validar o protótipo simulador OTOBABY para o Teste de Emissões Otoacústicas como ferramenta de ensino em Fonoaudiologia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, experimental, com a participação de dez fonoaudiólogos professores e/ou preceptores, denominados juízes e 20 alunos de graduação de Fonoaudiologia em Belém do Pará/Brasil. Os juízes responderam a um questionário de validação de Escala Likert sobre a usabilidade e efetividade do simulador OTOBABY como ferramenta de ensino. Os alunos participaram de um curso de capacitação com o uso do protótipo e foram avaliados com checklists antes e depois do curso para a verificação da eficácia do simulador como instrumento de ensino. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: O simulador alcançou 98% de aprovação como ferramenta de ensino para as EOA pelos juízes. Quanto a habilidade dos alunos, observou-se que era de 60,3%, antes do curso, obtendo-se um desempenho de 97,7% após curso com o OTOBABY. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o protótipo simulador OTOBABY foi aprovado e validado como um instrumento facilitador do aprendizado das Emissões Otoacústicas no ensino da prática Audiológica.

The Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) test is part of the Audiological evaluation for early detection of childhood deafness. Thus, the learning of OAE in the undergraduate course of Speech Therapy is fundamental according to the National Curriculum Guideline (NCD). The educational guidelines suggest the inclusion of information technologies in undergraduate education for better performance of future health professionals. Objective: Validate the prototype OTOBABY simulator for the Otoacoustic Emissions Test as a teaching tool in Speech Therapy. Methodology: This is a methodological, experimental research, with the participation of ten phonoaudiologists, professors and/or preceptors, called judges and 20 undergraduate students of Speech Therapy in Belém do Pará/Brazil. The judges responded to a Likert Scale validation questionnaire on the usability and effectiveness of the OTOBABY simulator as a teaching tool. Students took part in a training course using the prototype and were evaluated with checklists before and after the course to verify the simulator's effectiveness as a teaching instrument. The data were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. Results: The simulator achieved 98% approval as a teaching tool for OAE by the judges. As for the ability of the students, it was observed that it was 60.3%, before the course, obtaining a performance of 97.7% after course with OTOBABY. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prototype simulator OTOBABY was approved and validated as a facilitator instrument of the learning of Otoacoustic Emissions in the teaching of Audiological practice.

La prueba EOA es parte de la evaluación auditiva para la sordera temprana en la niñez. En consecuencia, el aprendizaje de las EOA en el curso de posgrado de fonoaudiología es fundamental de acuerdo con la Directriz Nacional de Planes de Estudio (NCN). Las directrices educativas sugieren la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información en la enseñanza de cursos de pregrado para mejorar el desempeño de futuros profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Validar el prototipo de simulador OTOBABY para la Prueba de Emisiones Otoacústicas como herramienta docente en fonoaudiología. Metodología: Estamos tratando con la investigación metodológica, experimental, con la participación de diez audiólogos de idiomas, profesores y/o preceptores, llamados jueces y 20 estudiantes universitarios de fonoaudiología en Belém do Pará/Brasil. Los jueces respondieron a un cuestionario de validación de la Escala Likert sobre la utilidad y la eficacia del simulador OTOBABY como instrumento de enseñanza. Los estudiantes participaron en un curso de capacitación utilizando el prototipo y fueron evaluados con checklists de verificación antes y después del curso para verificar la efectividad del simulador como instrumento educativo. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente con el test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: El simulador alcanzó el 98% de la aprobación como herramienta de enseñanza para la EOA por parte de los jueces. En cuanto a la capacidad de los estudiantes, se observó que era del 60,3% antes del curso, alcanzando un desempeño del 97,7% después del curso con OTOBABY. Conclusión: Se concluye que el prototipo de simulador OTOBABY ha sido aprobado y validado como instrumento que facilita el aprendizaje de emisiones ópticas en la enseñanza de la práctica audiológica.

Remote ischemic conditioning improves rat brain antioxidant defense in a time-dependent mechanism.

PURPOSE: To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain, the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique. METHODS: The rat's left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes, the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels. RESULTS: In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached higher values of glutathione reductase. CONCLUSIONS: Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent occlusions of the femoral artery.

Comparison of remote and local postconditioning against hepatic ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare the hepatic protective effect of both remote and local postconditioning (POS). METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: sham group(SHAM), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), local ischemic POS group (lPOS) and remote ischemic POS group (rPOS). Animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 30 min. Local ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min liver ischemia, followed by 5 min reperfusion (40 min). Remote ischemic POS group consisted of four cycles of 5 min hind limb ischemia, followed by 5 min hind limb perfusion after the main liver ischemia period. After 190 minutes median and left liver lobes were harvested for biochemical and histopathology analysis. RESULTS: All the conditioning techniques were able to increase the level of bothglutathione reductase and peroxidase, showing higher values in the rPOS group when compared to the lPOS. Also, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher in all intervention groups when compared to SHAM, but rPOS had the lower rates of increase, showing the best result. The histopathology analysis showed that all groups had worst injury levels than SHAM, but rPOS had lower degrees of damage when compared to the lPOS, although it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Remote postconditioning is a promising technique to reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, once it increased antioxidants substances and reduced the damage.

Remote ischemic conditioning improves rat brain antioxidant defense in a time-dependent mechanism

ABSTRACT Purpose To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain, the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique. Methods The rat's left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes, the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels. Results In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached higher values of glutathione reductase. Conclusions Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent occlusions of the femoral artery.

Prior exercise protects against oxidative stress and motor deficit in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

This study investigated if a prior long-term physical exercise protocol protects the substantia nigra and the striatum against oxidative stress and motor deficits in a Parkinson Disease model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Three animal treatment groups were included in the study: sham; 6-hydroxydopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine/exercise. Previously to the intrastriatal lesion by 6-hydroxydopamine, rats in the exercise groups performed a swimming program for 18 weeks. The rats were submitted to behavioral tests before and after intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injection. The oxidative stress was analyzed by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and Glutathione reductase activity methods. The exercise decreased lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione reductase activity in the substantia nigra. In contrast, in the striatum, exercise increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione reductase activity. Exercise increased contralateral rotations and reduces immobility levels at 14 days post lesion. The exercise prior to 6-OHDA lesion had protective action only in substantia nigra against oxidative stress.

Splenic ischemic preconditioning attenuates oxidative stress induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of splenic ischemic preconditioning (sIPC) on oxidative stress induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Fifteen male Wistar rats were equally divided into 3 groups: SHAM, IRI and sIPC. Animals from IRI group were subjected to 45 minutes of partial liver ischemia (70%). In the sIPC group, splenic artery was clamped in 2 cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion (20 min total) prior to hepatic ischemia. SHAM group underwent the same surgical procedures as in the remaining groups, but no liver ischemia or sIPC were induced. After 1h, hepatic and splenic tissue samples were harvested for TBARS, CAT, GPx and GSH-Rd measurement. RESULTS: sIPC treatment significantly decreased both hepatic and splenic levels of TBARS when compared to IRI group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the hepatic and splenic activities of CAT, GPx and GSH- Rd were significantly higher in sIPC group than in IRI group. CONCLUSION: sIPC was able to attenuate hepatic and splenic IRI-induced oxidative stress.

Cateter venoso central de inserção periférica em neonatologia: potencialidades e fragilidades na ótica de enfermeiros / Peripherally inserted of central catheter of in neonatology: potentials and fragilities according to nurses' perspective

Introduction: Peripherally Inserted of Central Venous Catheter (PICC) is considered a technological advance in the administration of intravenous solutions, as a new tool in Neonatology, performed by qualified nurses.Objective: to know the potentialities and weaknesses in the use of PICC from the point of view of nurses.Method: qualitative, descriptive study, carried out in two teaching hospitals in the southern region of Brazil, with 16 nurses who have already performed the insertion and maintenance of this catheter. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in April and May 2017 and the data processed through content analysis.Results: the participants reported potentialities regarding the use of the peripheral insertion of central venous catheter, such as duration of the device, reduction of venous punctures, greater safety in the administration of intravenous drugs, as well as some difficulties regarding the maintenance and handling of the device, the lack of professional appreciation,the resistance of colleagues towards the achievement of the technique and the need to insert this theme during graduation.Final considerations: it is perceived that the visibility of such a procedure, as a widely recognized competence of nurses, needs institutional support with continuous training in service and incentives and subsidies during the training of this professional.

Introdução: O Cateter Venoso Central de Inserção Periférica (PICC) é considerado um avanço tecnológico na administração de soluções por via endovenosa, como uma nova ferramenta em Neonatologia, realizado por enfermeiros habilitados. Objetivo: conhecer as potencialidades e fragilidades na utilização do PICC a partir da ótica dos enfermeiros. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, realizado em dois hospitais de ensino na região sul do Brasil, com 16 enfermeiros que já realizaram a inserção e manutenção desse cateter. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas em abril e maio de 2017 e os dados tratados por intermédio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os participantes relataram potencialidades acerca do uso do cateter venoso central de inserção periférica, como tempo de duração do dispositivo, diminuição de punções venosas, maior segurança na administração de medicamentos intravenosos, assim como algumas dificuldades em relação à manutenção e manuseio do dispositivo, a falta de valorização profissional, a resistência por parte de colegas frente à realização da técnica e a necessidade de inserção desta temática durante a graduação. Considerações finais: percebe-se que a visibilidade de tal procedimento, enquanto competência amplamente reconhecida do enfermeiro precisa de apoio institucional com capacitação continuada em serviço e de incentivo e subsídios durante a formação deste profissional.

Splenic ischemic preconditioning attenuates oxidative stress induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of splenic ischemic preconditioning (sIPC) on oxidative stress induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were equally divided into 3 groups: SHAM, IRI and sIPC. Animals from IRI group were subjected to 45 minutes of partial liver ischemia (70%). In the sIPC group, splenic artery was clamped in 2 cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion (20 min total) prior to hepatic ischemia. SHAM group underwent the same surgical procedures as in the remaining groups, but no liver ischemia or sIPC were induced. After 1h, hepatic and splenic tissue samples were harvested for TBARS, CAT, GPx and GSH-Rd measurement. Results: sIPC treatment significantly decreased both hepatic and splenic levels of TBARS when compared to IRI group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the hepatic and splenic activities of CAT, GPx and GSH- Rd were significantly higher in sIPC group than in IRI group. Conclusion: sIPC was able to attenuate hepatic and splenic IRI-induced oxidative stress.

Influence of tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5). All animals were submitted by a laminectomy and spinal cord injury at eighth thoracic vertebra. In control group, the rats didn't receive any analgesic. In tramadol group, the rats received tramadol 4mg/Kg at 12/12h until 5 days by subcutaneous. Animals were following by fourteen days. Was evaluated the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (locomotor evaluation) and Rat Grimace Scale (pain evaluation) at four periods. Results: There no difference between the groups in locomotor evaluation in all periods evaluated (p>0.05) and in both groups there was a partial recover of function. The tramadol group show a lower pain levels at the first, third and seventh postoperatively days when comparing to the control group. Conclusion: The tramadol as an analgesic agent don't influence on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats

Influence of tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5). All animals were submitted by a laminectomy and spinal cord injury at eighth thoracic vertebra. In control group, the rats didn't receive any analgesic. In tramadol group, the rats received tramadol 4mg/Kg at 12/12h until 5 days by subcutaneous. Animals were following by fourteen days. Was evaluated the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (locomotor evaluation) and Rat Grimace Scale (pain evaluation) at four periods. RESULTS: There no difference between the groups in locomotor evaluation in all periods evaluated (p>0.05) and in both groups there was a partial recover of function. The tramadol group show a lower pain levels at the first, third and seventh postoperatively days when comparing to the control group. CONCLUSION: The tramadol as an analgesic agent don't influence on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Os direitos da parturiente na ótica dos acompanhantes / Rights of parturient under the optics of escorts / Los derechos de las parturientas bajo la óptica de las acompañantes

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento do acompanhante quanto aos direitos da parturiente durante o trabalho de parto e o parto. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo. Participaram 10 acompanhantes que estiveram junto às parturientes adolescentes em um hospital de ensino do sul do Brasil, no período de novembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. Para tratamento dos dados elegeu-se a análise temática. O projeto de pesquisa teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa sob Parecer 031/2008. Resultados: identificou-se o desconhecimento dos acompanhantes sobre os direitos da parturiente e a resistência de alguns profissionais da saúde em aceitá-los na sala de parto. Conclusão: a humanização do cuidado no processo de parturição relaciona-se à conscientização das parturientes, acompanhantes e profissionais da saúde na implantação da Lei do Acompanhante, portanto a equipe de saúde tem papel importante no esclarecimento destes direitos aos usuários.(AU)

Objective: investigating the knowledge of the companion about the rights of the mother during labor and childbirth. Method: a qualitative descriptive study. 10 escorts who were togheter with the puerperal adolescents at a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil participated in the study, from November 2008 to November 2009. The data collected was elected to thematic analysis. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under Opinion 031/2008. Results: there was a lack of knowledge from companions about the rights of the woman in labor and the resistance of some health professionals to accept them in the childbirth room. Conclusion: the humanization of care during the parturition process is related to the awareness of pregnant women, companions and health professionals regarding the implementation of the Companion Law, so the health team has an important role in clarifying these rights to users.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento del acompañante acerca de los derechos de la madre durante el parto. Método: es un estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Participaron 10 acompañantes que se encontraban junto a las adolescentes embarazadas en un hospital universitario en el sur de Brasil, a partir de noviembre de 2008 a noviembre de 2009. Los datos recogidos fueron elegidos para el análisis temático. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en la Investigación bajo Dictamen 031/2008. Resultados: identificóse la falta de conocimento de los acompañantes acerca de los derechos de la mujer en trabajo de parto y la resistencia de algunos profesionales de la salud para aceptarlos en la sala de partos. Conclusión: la humanización de la atención durante el proceso de parto está relacionada con la conciencia de las mujeres parturientes, acompañantes y los profesionales de la salud en la aplicación de la Ley del Acompañante, por lo que el equipo de salud tiene un papel importante en el esclarecimiento de estos derechos a los usuarios.(AU)

The speech and practice of humanizing childbirth in adolescents / O discurso e a prática do parto humanizado de adolescentes / El discurso y la práctica del parto humanizado en adolescentes

Estudo descritivo que objetivou conhecer as práticas de atenção ao parto desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde no cuidado à parturiente adolescente. Os dados foram extraídos da pesquisa "Atenção humanizada ao parto de adolescentes", referente ao Município de Pelotas-RS, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de 2008 a 2009. A população constituiu-se de profissionais de saúde do centro obstétrico de um hospital de ensino público. A análise foi sistematizada a partir do Manual Assistência ao Parto Normal, da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os resultados evidenciaram que práticas úteis, como a intimidade e a privacidade, escolha do tipo de parto e o estímulo à amamentação, não são respeitadas. Como práticas prejudiciais salientaram-se a posição de litotomia e o uso da ocitocina. Destacaram-se como práticas inadequadas a restrição alimentar e a utilização da amniotomia. Concluiu-se que as práticas de atenção ao parto contemplaram parcialmente a Política de Humanização do Parto e Nascimento.

This descriptive study aimed to identify the childbirth care practices developed by health professionals towards adolescent parturients. Data were collected from the database of the study "Humanizing childbirth care in adolescents", developed in the city of Pelotas-RS, by means of semi-structured interviews, between 2008 and 2009. The study population consisted of health workers from the obstetric center of a public teaching hospital. The analysis was systematized as per the guide Care in Normal Birth, published by the World Health Organization. Results evidenced that useful practices, such as intimacy and privacy, choice of the type of childbirth and breastfeeding encouragement are not respected. The harmful practices that stood out were the use of the lithotomy position and oxytocin. Examples of practices that are frequently developed inappropriately are food restriction and the use of amniotomy. In conclusion, childbirth care practices partially complied with the Humanizing Labor and Childbirth Policy.

Este estudio descriptivo objetivó conocer las prácticas de atención al parto desarrolladas por los profesionales de salud en el cuidado de la mujer adolescente. Los datos fueron extraídos del banco de datos de la investigación "Atención humanizada al Parto de Adolescentes" referente al Municipio de Pelotas-RS, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de noviembre de 2008 a octubre de 2009. La población meta se constituyó de los profesionales de salud actuantes en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital de enseñanza pública El análisis fue sistematizado a partir del Manual Asistencia al Parto Normal, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, referente a las prácticas de atención al parto consideradas útiles, aquellas claramente perjudiciales y las frecuentemente utilizadas de forma inadecuada. Los resultados evidenciaron que prácticas útiles, como la intimidad y la privacidad, opción por el tipo de parto y el estímulo para amamantar, no son respetadas; como prácticas perjudiciales, se destacaron la posición de litotomía y el uso de la ocitocina. Cuanto a las prácticas inadecuadas, se destacaron la restricción alimentar y la utilización de la amniotomía. Se concluyó que las prácticas de atención al parto contempla parcialmente la Política de Humanización del Parto y Nacimiento.

[Cervical cancer: integral care to the woman in health services]. / Câncer de colo uterino: atenção integral à mulher nos serviços de saúde.

This study aims to understand how the health services of the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) are organized to give an integral care to the woman with cervical cancer. This is a descriptive, qualitative research with 20 women. Semistructured interviews were coupled with participant observation in data collection. The thematic analysis revealed the theme: "The search for care: access to BPHS and use of health services in the search for integral care". In the use of health services, women have exposed their views on the received care, and on the potentialities and limits of integrality in this context. The conclusion is that the effectivation of health actions that aim at the integrality of care for women requires courage and the promotion of a dialogue between social actors as a way to build a health awareness that allows an ethical commitment pointing towards the necessary changes in care.

Câncer de colo uterino: atenção integral à mulher nos serviços de saúde / Cáncer del cuello del útero: la atención integral a la mujer en los servicios de salud / Cervical cancer: integral attention to the woman in health services

Objetivou-se compreender como os serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde estão organizados para contemplar a integralidade na atenção à mulher com câncer de colo uterino. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com 20 mulheres. Utilizou-se na coleta dos dados a entrevista semiestruturada conjugada à observação participante. A análise temática evidenciou o tema "A procura pela assistência: o acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde e a utilização dos serviços na busca de atenção integral". Identificou-se que, na utilização dos serviços de saúde, as mulheres expuseram concepções sobre a atenção recebida, as potencialidades e limites da integralidade nesse contexto. Conclui-se que a efetivação das ações de saúde, em busca da integralidade da atenção às mulheres, requer ousadia e a promoção do diálogo entre os atores sociais, como forma de construir uma consciência sanitária que permita o compromisso ético em direção às mudanças necessárias ao cuidado.

Se objetivó comprender cómo los servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud están organizados para hacer frente a la integralidad de la atención a la mujer con cáncer de cuello uterino. Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva con veinte mujeres. Fue utilizado en la recolección de datos, la observación participante y la entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis temático reveló: La búsqueda de la atención: el acceso a SUS y el uso de los servicios de salud en la búsqueda de atención integral. Se identificó que las mujeres han puesto de manifiesto las concepciones acerca de la atención recibida, las potencialidades y los límites de la integralidad en este contexto. Se concluye que la eficacia de las acciones de salud en esta búsqueda requiere coraje y la promoción del diálogo entre los actores sociales, como una manera de construir una conciencia de salud que permita el compromiso ético hacia los cambios necesarios para el cuidado.

This study aims to understand how the health services of the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) are organized to give an integral care to the woman with cervical cancer. This is a descriptive, qualitative research with 20 women. Semistructured interviews were coupled with participant observation in data collection. The thematic analysis revealed the theme: "The search for care: access to BPHS and use of health services in the search for integral care". In the use of health services, women have exposed their views on the received care, and on the potentialities and limits of integrality in this context. The conclusion is that the effectivation of health actions that aim at the integrality of care for women requires courage and the promotion of a dialogue between social actors as a way to build a health awareness that allows an ethical commitment pointing towards the necessary changes in care.

Análise do estado de saúde geral dos usuários de CAPS I e II da região Sul do Brasil / Analysis of the general health condicition of the users of CAPS I and II in the South region of Brazil / Nalisis del estado general de salud de los usuarios del CAPS i y ii de la región del Sur del Brasil

Objetivo: descrever o estado de saúde geral dos usuários de CAPS I e II da região sul do Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo. Foi realizado a partir dos dados da pesquisa "Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil", o qual foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sob o parecer 074/2005. A amostra consta de 1162 usuários de CAPS I e II, de 30 diferentes municípios, da Região Sul do país. A coleta de dados, desenvolvida conforme Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, entre 07 de maio a 03 de junho de 2006, foi realizada nos CAPS e no domicílio dos usuários por 10 duplas de entrevistadores previamente capacitados. Foi utilizado um questionário que continha 125 questões pré-codificadas, sendo 18 questões sobreque contemplam a saúde geral do usuário. Os questionários foram digitados no software EPI-INFO 6.04 e as análises univariadas foram realizadas no software STATA 7. Resultados: associado ao transtorno mental, 47,9% dos usuários possuem outros problemas de saúde: 43,08% têm hipertensão, 27,1% apresentam outras patologias, 12,2% obesidade, 10,9% diabetes, 4,8% câncer, 1,8% DST/AIDS. Entretanto, desstes, apenas 21% informaram que outros serviços foram referenciados pelo CAPS. Conclusão: a rede de atenção em saúde mental necessita desenvolver maior capacidade de percepção da saúde geral do usuário, referenciando-o quando necessário, qualificando, assim, o fluxo entre os serviços de saúde.(AU)

Objective: to describe the general health condition of the users of CAPS I and II in the south region of Brazil. Method: It is a transversal method of descriptive nature. It was carried out from the data of the research "Evolution of the Psychosocial Attention Centers in the South Region of Brazil", which was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, in legal writing and under the number 074/2005, by the Universidade Federal de Pelotas. The sample is composed by 1162 users of CAPS I and II, from 30 different boroughs in the south region of the country. The data were collected according to the Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council, and occurred between May 7th and June 3 rd , 2006. It was develop at the CAPS and at users? homes by 10 pairs of interviewers, who were previously qualified. A questionnaire with 125 pre-encoded questions and 18 questions about the general health condition of the users was used in this study. The questionnaires were typed in software EPI-INFO 6.04 and the univaried analyses were carried out in software STATA7. Results: associated with mental disruption, 47,9% of the users have other health problems: 43,08% have hypertension, 27,1% have other pathologies, 12,2% obesity, 10,9% diabetes, 4,8% cancer, 1,8% STD/AIDS. However, from these users, only 21% informed that they other services were referred by CAPS. Conclusion: the chain of attention in mental health needs to develop a bigger capacity of perception of the user?s general health, referring him/her when it is necessary, and so qualifying the flow between the health services.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el estado general de salud de los usuarios del CAPS I y II de la región Sur del Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, de carácter descriptivo. Fue realizado a partir de los dados de la pesquisa "Evaluación de los centros de atención sicosocial de la región Sur del Brasil", el cual fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética y Pesquisa de la facultad de medicina de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas, bajo el parecer 074/2005. La muestra consistió de 1.162 usuarios del CAPS I y II, de 30 departamentos (municipios) diferentes, de la región Sur del país. La colecta de dados fue realizada conforme resolución 196/96 del Consejo Nacional de la Salud, entre 7 de mayo a 3 de junio de 2006, tenendo como base los CAPS y los domicilios de los usuarios, teniendo como entrevistadores 10 dúos previamente capacitados para tal. Fue utilizado un cuestionario que contenía 125 preguntas codificadas previamente, siendo que en este estudio fueron empleadas 18 cuestiones referentes a la salud general del usuario. Los cuestionarios fueron digitados en el software EPIinfo 6.04 y los análisis univariantes fueron realizados en el software Stata 7. Resultados: asociado al trastorno mental, el 47,9% de los usuarios poseen otros problemas de salud, siendo que el 43,08% e hipertenso, el 27,1% presenta otras patologías, el 12,2% e obeso, el 10,9% posee diabetes, el 4,8%, cáncer, y el 1,8%, DST/Sida. Entretanto, de estos, apenas el 21% informó que otros servicios fueron referenciados por el CAPS. Conclusión: la red de atención a la salud mental necesita desarrollar una mayor capacitación cuanto a la percepción de la salud en general del usuario, lo utilizando como referencia cuando necesario, cualificando así el aflujo entre los servicios del salud.(AU)